1873年，英國W.史密斯發現硒的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)效(xiao)應(ying)，但(dan)是(shi)這種效(xiao)應(ying)長期(qi)處于(yu)探(tan)索(suo)研(yan)究階段(duan)(duan)，未獲(huo)實(shi)際應(ying)用(yong)。第(di)二(er)次世界大(da)戰以后(hou)，隨著半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)發展，各種新的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)不斷出(chu)現。在可見光(guang)波(bo)(bo)段(duan)(duan)方面，到50年代(dai)中(zhong)期(qi)，性能(neng)(neng)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)硫化鎘(ge)、硒化鎘(ge)光(guang)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)和紅外波(bo)(bo)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)硫化鉛光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器都已投入(ru)使用(yong)。60年代(dai)初(chu)，中(zhong)遠紅外波(bo)(bo)段(duan)(duan)靈敏(min)的(de)(de)(de)Ge、Si摻雜(za)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)探(tan)測(ce)器研(yan)制(zhi)成功，典型的(de)(de)(de)例子(zi)是(shi)工(gong)作在3～5微米和8～14微米波(bo)(bo)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)Ge:Au（鍺摻金）和Ge:Hg光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)探(tan)測(ce)器。60年代(dai)末以后(hou),HgCdTe、PbSnTe等可變禁帶寬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)三元(yuan)系(xi)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究取得(de)進展。在60年代(dai)初(chu)以前(qian)還沒(mei)有(you)研(yan)制(zhi)出(chu)適用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)窄禁帶寬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)半導(dao)(dao)(dao)體材料(liao)(liao)(liao)，因而(er)人們利用(yong)非本(ben)征光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)效(xiao)應(ying)。Ge、Si等材料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)禁帶中(zhong)存在各種深度(du)的(de)(de)(de)雜(za)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)級(ji)，照(zhao)射的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)子(zi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)只要等于(yu)或大(da)于(yu)雜(za)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)化能(neng)(neng)，就能(neng)(neng)夠產生光(guang)生自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)或自(zi)(zi)由(you)空(kong)穴。非本(ben)征光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)響應(ying)長波(bo)(bo)限λ由(you)下式求(qiu)得(de)λc=1.24/Ei式中(zhong)Ei表(biao)示雜(za)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)化能(neng)(neng)。APD適用(yong)于(yu)接收靈敏(min)度(du)要求(qiu)高的(de)(de)(de)長距離(li)(li)傳輸(shu)和高速率(lv)通信系(xi)統。石巖APD光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器標準

雪崩效應(ying)(ying)只是(shi)(shi)APD的工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理，和工(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)東(dong)西。APD工(gong)作(zuo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)分蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)革模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)和線型模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)，區別在于(yu)線型模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)偏(pian)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低于(yu)反向(xiang)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)格模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)偏(pian)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。線性模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)APD就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)增(zeng)益高(gao)的普(pu)通(tong)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二極管。蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)格模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)(xia)APD接受到光子(zi)(zi)后就會進入并一(yi)(yi)直處于(yu)反向(xiang)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)狀(zhuang)態，APD一(yi)(yi)直通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)很大的反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。這時，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)使偏(pian)置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)暫(zan)時下(xia)(xia)降至(zhi)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)之下(xia)(xia)，APD從反向(xiang)擊(ji)(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)恢復(fu)，等(deng)待(dai)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)光子(zi)(zi)，所以(yi)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)格模(mo)(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)通(tong)常只適用與單光子(zi)(zi)計數(shu)應(ying)(ying)用。飛(fei)博光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)50GHZ PIN光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)探測器價格比較光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導效應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)指在光線作(zuo)用下(xia)(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)吸收光子(zi)(zi)能量從鍵合狀(zhuang)態過(guo)(guo)度(du)到自(zi)由狀(zhuang)態，而(er)引起材料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率的變化(hua)的象。

兩(liang)束(shu)(shu)滿足相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)條件的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)稱(cheng)為相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)條件（CoherentCondition）：這兩(liang)束(shu)(shu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遇區域(yu)(yu)：①振動(dong)(dong)方向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同；②振動(dong)(dong)頻率相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同；③相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同或相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)差(cha)保持(chi)恒(heng)定那么在(zai)兩(liang)束(shu)(shu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遇的(de)(de)(de)區域(yu)(yu)內就會產生(sheng)干(gan)(gan)涉現象。能發(fa)出相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互干(gan)(gan)涉的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)源(yuan)就叫(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)源(yuan)。在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)源(yuan)情況下正確(que)估計信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)方向(xiang)(即解(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)或去相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan))的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵問題是(shi)如何通過一(yi)系列(lie)處(chu)理(li)或變換使得信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)協方差(cha)矩陣(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)秩得到有效恢復，從而正確(que)估計信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)。目前關(guan)于解(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)基(ji)本有兩(liang)大(da)類(lei)：一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)降維處(chu)理(li);另一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)非降維處(chu)理(li)。

在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照射下，半(ban)導體PN結(jie)中(zhong)的(de)原子(zi)因吸(xi)收(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)而受到激發。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)能量大于禁帶時會產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)-空穴對的(de)非平衡(heng)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)子(zi)，在內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)作用(yong)下空穴移向P區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)移向N區，形成與(yu)內建電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)方向相反(fan)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，于是(shi)(shi)在P區和(he)N區間建立了光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。這種(zhong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照無偏置(zhi)的(de)PN結(jie)所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢的(de)現(xian)象稱為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)特的(de)效應(ying)(ying)，相當于在PN結(jie)兩端施加正向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。與(yu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導效應(ying)(ying)相反(fan)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效應(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)少數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)子(zi)過程，少數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)子(zi)壽命(ming)通(tong)常短于多(duo)數(shu)載(zai)流(liu)(liu)子(zi)，也因此(ci)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效應(ying)(ying)的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)探(tan)測器通(tong)常比用(yong)相同材料制成的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導探(tan)測器響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)更快(kuai)。激光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)就是(shi)(shi)─種(zhong)相干光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)。

偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)復用(yong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)將激光(guang)(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)過偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)分束器(qi)(qi)分裂成兩(liang)束，這(zhe)兩(liang)束光(guang)(guang)(guang)可(ke)以分別(bie)進行(xing)(xing)調制(zhi)，由(you)于偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)方(fang)向(xiang)垂直(zhi)，不會發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)干(gan)涉。由(you)于光(guang)(guang)(guang)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)中傳(chuan)輸(shu)時(shi)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)方(fang)向(xiang)可(ke)能發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)改變，導致偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)方(fang)向(xiang)不再(zai)嚴格垂直(zhi)，產(chan)生(sheng)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)損耗(hao)。在激光(guang)(guang)(guang)器(qi)(qi)到光(guang)(guang)(guang)調制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)之間的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)路上(shang)，必須使(shi)用(yong)保(bao)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)，保(bao)證光(guang)(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)度，避免對非偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)部分進行(xing)(xing)調制(zhi)。在光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)中遠距離傳(chuan)輸(shu)時(shi)，必然(ran)會產(chan)生(sheng)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)振(zhen)損耗(hao)。相干(gan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)信的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術難(nan)點與傳(chuan)統(tong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)信中，通(tong)信質量主要只(zhi)(zhi)與信號質量相關(guan)不同(tong)，在相干(gan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)通(tong)信中，算(suan)(suan)法占據(ju)(ju)(ju)了舉足輕重的(de)(de)(de)地位(wei)。由(you)于接(jie)收(shou)機接(jie)受(shou)到的(de)(de)(de)信號是(shi)在光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)(xian)中反復旋轉、劣化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)信號，相干(gan)探(tan)測取得的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)只(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)原始數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)，需(xu)要進行(xing)(xing)大量的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處理、判定(ding)和(he)優化(hua)，這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)對算(suan)(suan)法提出了很高的(de)(de)(de)要求。在高速信號的(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)下，這(zhe)在過去(qu)一直(zhi)是(shi)一個(ge)瓶(ping)頸。隨著(zhu)芯(xin)片技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)DSP廠商在算(suan)(suan)法上(shang)所做出的(de)(de)(de)努力(li)，這(zhe)個(ge)難(nan)點如今得到了很好的(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)電探(tan)測器(qi)(qi)是(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)接(jie)收(shou)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)主要器(qi)(qi)件(jian)之一，用(yong)來將光(guang)(guang)(guang)功率轉換為電流。飛(fei)博光(guang)(guang)(guang)電光(guang)(guang)(guang)電探(tan)測器(qi)(qi)特(te)價(jia)

光(guang)子型探測器是(shi)有選擇性響(xiang)應(ying)波長的探測器件。石巖APD光(guang)電(dian)探測器標(biao)準

光(guang)電(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)是光(guang)接收器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)主要(yao)器(qi)(qi)件(jian)之(zhi)一，用來(lai)將光(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)轉換為(wei)電(dian)流。根據系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)性(xing)能目標(biao)(biao)，可以(yi)選用PIN或APD（雪崩光(guang)電(dian)二極管）光(guang)電(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)。誤(wu)碼率(lv)（BER）是用于指(zhi)定(ding)通(tong)信(xin)傳輸(shu)系(xi)統(tong)可靠性(xing)的(de)(de)主要(yao)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，通(tong)常與接收機靈(ling)敏度(du)值相關，該值定(ding)義(yi)了必須到(dao)達光(guang)電(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)較(jiao)小平均(jun)光(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，以(yi)實現所需的(de)(de)BER性(xing)能。另外，信(xin)道的(de)(de)Q值可以(yi)從采(cai)樣(yang)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)統(tong)計(ji)中計(ji)算出(chu)來(lai)，并(bing)(bing)用于估計(ji)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)誤(wu)碼率(lv)。光(guang)電(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)在定(ding)義(yi)基本通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)較(jiao)終靈(ling)敏度(du)方面起著重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用，因為(wei)它以(yi)散彈噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)和熱噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)形式(shi)提供統(tong)計(ji)擾動，并(bing)(bing)引入了暗(an)電(dian)流及定(ding)義(yi)響應率(lv)來(lai)衡量每單位輸(shu)入功(gong)(gong)率(lv)獲得(de)多少電(dian)輸(shu)出(chu)。這些特性(xing)取決(jue)于入射光(guang)的(de)(de)波長和傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)材料特性(xing)和物理設計(ji)。石巖APD光(guang)電(dian)探(tan)測(ce)器(qi)(qi)標(biao)(biao)準

深(shen)圳市(shi)飛博光(guang)電(dian)科(ke)技(ji)有(you)限公司(si)(si)(si)致力于通(tong)信(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)，是一(yi)家生(sheng)產(chan)型的公司(si)(si)(si)。公司(si)(si)(si)業務(wu)涵蓋(gai)激光(guang)光(guang)源，光(guang)放大器，射頻放大器，光(guang)電(dian)探測器等(deng)，價格(ge)合理(li)，品(pin)質有(you)保證。公司(si)(si)(si)注重以(yi)質量(liang)為(wei)中(zhong)心，以(yi)服務(wu)為(wei)理(li)念(nian)，秉持誠信(xin)(xin)為(wei)本的理(li)念(nian)，打(da)造通(tong)信(xin)(xin)產(chan)品(pin)良好品(pin)牌。深(shen)圳市(shi)飛博光(guang)電(dian)秉承“客戶為(wei)尊、服務(wu)為(wei)榮(rong)、創(chuang)意為(wei)先、技(ji)術為(wei)實”的經營(ying)理(li)念(nian)，全力打(da)造公司(si)(si)(si)的重點競(jing)爭力。

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