熱(re)導(dao)檢(jian)測(ce)器（TCD）TCD使用注意事項(xiang)：（1）確保熱(re)絲不被(bei)(bei)燒(shao)(shao)斷。在(zai)檢(jian)測(ce)器通(tong)電之(zhi)前(qian)，一(yi)(yi)定要確保載(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)已經通(tong)過了檢(jian)測(ce)器，否(fou)則(ze)，熱(re)絲就可(ke)能被(bei)(bei)燒(shao)(shao)斷，致使檢(jian)測(ce)器報(bao)廢；關(guan)機(ji)時(shi)一(yi)(yi)定要先(xian)關(guan)檢(jian)測(ce)器電源(yuan)，然后關(guan)載(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。任何(he)時(shi)候進(jin)行(xing)有(you)可(ke)能切斷通(tong)過TCD的(de)載(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)量(liang)的(de)操作，都(dou)要關(guan)閉(bi)檢(jian)測(ce)器電源(yuan)；（2）載(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中含有(you)氧氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，熱(re)絲壽命(ming)會縮短，所以載(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中必須徹底(di)除(chu)氧；（3）用氫氣(qi)(qi)(qi)作載(zai)(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)排至室外；（4）基線漂移大時(shi)，要考慮以下(xia)幾個問題：雙(shuang)柱(zhu)是(shi)否(fou)相(xiang)同(tong)，雙(shuang)柱(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)流(liu)速是(shi)否(fou)相(xiang)同(tong)；是(shi)否(fou)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)；更換(huan)色(se)(se)譜(pu)柱(zhu)至檢(jian)測(ce)器的(de)石墨墊圈。池體(ti)污染；清洗措施：正己烷浸泡沖(chong)洗。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀具有(you)選擇性強的(de)優點。南京工作站氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀批發(fa)

氣(qi)(qi)相色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在正(zheng)常進(jin)行(xing)工作時(shi)候，往(wang)往(wang)需要進(jin)行(xing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，如進(jin)樣口溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制可(ke)以使液(ye)體樣品(pin)迅速氣(qi)(qi)化，被載(zai)氣(qi)(qi)帶(dai)入色(se)(se)譜(pu)柱；柱溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)箱(xiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制會影響混合樣品(pin)的(de)分離；檢測器(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制會影響檢測器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)靈(ling)敏度(du)(du)(du)等(deng)。常用(yong)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制主要是指加熱(re)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)（亦有降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)冷卻控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制）。本(ben)文介紹氣(qi)(qi)相色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)一(yi)般原理(li)的(de)。氣(qi)(qi)相色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀(yi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)原理(li)：控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，進(jin)樣口、檢測器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)部位的(de)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻（PT100）作為溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值會隨外(wai)界溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)升高而增加；測溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)含有恒(heng)(heng)流源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)多(duo)路(lu)模(mo)擬開關在不同(tong)時(shi)刻(ke)為不同(tong)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)鉑(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻提供恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，從而將溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)信號(hao)(hao)轉換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號(hao)(hao)U1；測溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)獲(huo)得(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號(hao)(hao)U1較低，再(zai)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)調(diao)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)對其進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)大和(he)濾波，得(de)(de)到輸出(chu)信號(hao)(hao)U2；放(fang)大后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號(hao)(hao)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)A/D轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，將模(mo)擬量轉換成(cheng)數(shu)字量U3，傳(chuan)遞(di)給控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)做數(shu)字量運算(suan)處理(li)；控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)受溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)數(shu)字信號(hao)(hao)U3，比較設(she)定溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)值和(he)實(shi)際溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)差異，經過(guo)(guo)(guo)PID算(suan)法(fa)輸出(chu)PWM信號(hao)(hao)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)雙(shuang)向(xiang)固態繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)/可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅等(deng)對220V交流信號(hao)(hao)進(jin)行(xing)斬波控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，調(diao)整加熱(re)部件功率，較終達(da)到控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效果。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)的(de)信號(hao)(hao)一(yi)般通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耦合器(qi)(qi)(qi)（光耦）作用(yong)于可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)硅，將輸入端(duan)與輸出(chu)端(duan)進(jin)行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)隔離，輸出(chu)信號(hao)(hao)對輸入端(duan)無影響，增強抗干(gan)擾能力(li)。楊浦區(qu)GC112氣(qi)(qi)相色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀(yi)技(ji)術(shu)支持GC112氣(qi)(qi)相色(se)(se)譜(pu)儀(yi)維護保(bao)養請找上(shang)海鋰盎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子科技(ji)有限(xian)公司(si)。

液相：高(gao)效液相色譜儀(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要有進(jin)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)系(xi)(xi)統、輸液系(xi)(xi)統、分(fen)離系(xi)(xi)統、檢(jian)測系(xi)(xi)統和數據(ju)處理系(xi)(xi)統組成(cheng)。進(jin)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)系(xi)(xi)統 一(yi)般(ban)采用隔(ge)膜(mo)注(zhu)射進(jin)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)器或高(gao)壓(ya)進(jin)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)間完成(cheng)進(jin)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)操作(zuo)，進(jin)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)量是(shi)恒(heng)定的(de)。這對(dui)提高(gao)了分(fen)析樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品的(de)重復性(xing)是(shi)有益(yi)的(de)。輸液系(xi)(xi)統 ：該系(xi)(xi)統包括(kuo)高(gao)壓(ya)泵、流動(dong)(dong)相貯存(cun)器和梯度(du)儀(yi)(yi)三部分(fen)。高(gao)壓(ya)泵的(de)一(yi)般(ban)壓(ya)強為(wei)l.47～4.4X107Pa，流速(su)可調且穩(wen)定，當高(gao)壓(ya)流動(dong)(dong)相通過層析柱(zhu)時(shi)，可降低樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品在(zai)柱(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)擴(kuo)散(san)效應(ying)，可加快其在(zai)柱(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)移動(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)，這對(dui)提高(gao)了分(fen)辨(bian)率、回(hui)收(shou)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品、保(bao)持(chi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)活(huo)性(xing)等(deng)都是(shi)有利(li)的(de)。流動(dong)(dong)相貯存(cun)錯和梯度(du)儀(yi)(yi)，可使流動(dong)(dong)相隨固定相和樣(yang)(yang)(yang)品的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)而改(gai)變(bian)，包括(kuo)改(gai)變(bian)洗脫液的(de)極性(xing)、離子強度(du)、PH值，或改(gai)用競(jing)爭(zheng)性(xing)抑制劑或變(bian)性(xing)劑等(deng)。這就可使各種物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(即使只有一(yi)個基團(tuan)的(de)差別或是(shi)同分(fen)異構(gou)體)都能(neng)獲得(de)有效分(fen)離。

載(zai)氣(qi)不(bu)純造成(cheng)的(de)問(wen)題：（1）進樣口：樣品(pin)(pin)易(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，造成(cheng)樣品(pin)(pin)分解，出(chu)(chu)現鬼峰等；（2）色(se)譜柱(zhu)：色(se)譜柱(zhu)內填(tian)料易(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，縮短(duan)柱(zhu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)；（3）TCD：熱(re)敏元件(錸鎢絲)易(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)，縮短(duan)檢(jian)測器(qi)(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)；（4）FID：噪聲(sheng)大，基線(xian)不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)；（5）ECD：基線(xian)滿量(liang)程，無(wu)法(fa)調零；其(qi)原因：ECD控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)一般都(dou)采用(yong)(yong)“調制脈沖(chong)”供電(dian)方式，當設(she)定(ding)(ding)好預(yu)置(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)（0.5、1、2nA）后，ECD控(kong)制器(qi)(qi)將發出(chu)(chu)脈沖(chong)電(dian)平(ping)，使(shi)通過檢(jian)測器(qi)(qi)內的(de)載(zai)氣(qi)被(bei)放(fang)(fang)射源電(dian)離的(de)形成(cheng)電(dian)子，在收集脈沖(chong)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)下(xia)，在運(yun)算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)輸入端進行(xing)減法(fa)運(yun)算(suan)，直至(zhi)輸出(chu)(chu)為零，如果載(zai)氣(qi)純度(du)不(bu)夠（主要是含氧(yang)量(liang)過高），載(zai)氣(qi)被(bei)放(fang)(fang)射源電(dian)離的(de)形成(cheng)電(dian)子流(liu)偏低，與設(she)定(ding)(ding)預(yu)置(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)能抵消(xiao)為零，就會造成(cheng)運(yun)算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)（積分運(yun)算(suan)放(fang)(fang)大器(qi)(qi)）輸出(chu)(chu)飽(bao)和；無(wu)法(fa)調零。（6）FPD：噪聲(sheng)大，基線(xian)不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)；（7）NPD：噪聲(sheng)大，基線(xian)不(bu)穩定(ding)(ding)；上海(hai)GC112氣(qi)相色(se)譜儀維護保(bao)養請找(zhao)上海(hai)鋰盎(ang)電(dian)子科技有限(xian)公(gong)司。

吹(chui)掃捕集(ji)(ji)系統(tong)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)于固體(ti)(ti)、半固體(ti)(ti)、液體(ti)(ti)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)基質中揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)有機化合(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)富集(ji)(ji)和(he)直接進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入氣相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色(se)(se)譜儀(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。熱(re)解吸(xi)系統(tong)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)于氣體(ti)(ti)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)中揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)有機化合(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)捕集(ji)(ji)，然后熱(re)解吸(xi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入氣相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色(se)(se)譜儀(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。頂空(kong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)樣(yang)(yang)系統(tong)：頂空(kong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)樣(yang)(yang)器主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于固體(ti)(ti)、半固體(ti)(ti)、液體(ti)(ti)樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)基質中有揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)有機化合(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。熱(re)裂(lie)解器進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)樣(yang)(yang)系統(tong)：理論上，可適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于由于揮(hui)發(fa)性(xing)(xing)差，依(yi)靠(kao)氣相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色(se)(se)譜儀(yi)還(huan)不能分(fen)離分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)任何有機物(wu)，但是目前主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。冷柱(zhu)上進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)樣(yang)(yang)系統(tong)：處于室溫或者更(geng)低溫度(du)下的(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)樣(yang)(yang)，然后以程(cheng)序升溫方式使樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)組分(fen)汽化，先(xian)后進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入色(se)(se)譜柱(zhu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行分(fen)離。該進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)樣(yang)(yang)方式適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于熱(re)不穩定樣(yang)(yang)品(pin)組分(fen)的(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)，也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于微量組分(fen)的(de)(de)高(gao)精度(du)分(fen)析(xi)(xi)(xi)。氣相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色(se)(se)譜儀(yi)市場價多少(shao)？杭州GC126氣相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)色(se)(se)譜儀(yi)環氧(yang)檢測

上海多(duo)功能(neng)氣相色(se)譜(pu)儀維護保養(yang)哪家(jia)靠譜(pu)？南京工作(zuo)站氣相色(se)譜(pu)儀批(pi)發

氣相(xiang)色(se)譜和(he)(he)液相(xiang)色(se)譜相(xiang)比各(ge)有(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)特(te)(te)點(dian)呢？檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技術：GC常用(yong)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)技術有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)種，比如(ru)熱導(dao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)（TCD）、火焰離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)（FID）、電子(zi)(zi)俘獲檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)（ECD）、氮磷檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)（NPD）等(deng)，其中FID對大部(bu)分(fen)有(you)(you)機化(hua)(hua)合物均有(you)(you)響應，且靈(ling)敏度(du)相(xiang)當(dang)高，較(jiao)小(xiao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)限(xian)可(ke)達納克級。而(er)在(zai)(zai)LC中尚無通用(yong)性這么(me)好的(de)高靈(ling)敏度(du)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)。商品LC儀器(qi)常配(pei)的(de)也就是紫外(wai)-可(ke)見光(guang)吸(xi)收(shou)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)（UV-Vis）和(he)(he)示差(cha)折光(guang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)（RI）。前(qian)者的(de)通用(yong)性遠不及GC中的(de)FID，后者的(de)靈(ling)敏度(du)又(you)較(jiao)低，且不適于梯度(du)洗脫。當(dang)然(ran)，不論GC還是LC，都有(you)(you)一些高靈(ling)敏度(du)的(de)選擇性檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)，GC有(you)(you)ECD和(he)(he)NPD等(deng)，LC有(you)(you)熒光(guang)和(he)(he)電化(hua)(hua)學(xue)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)。較(jiao)為理想的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)應該首推MS，但在(zai)(zai)這一點(dian)上，GC目(mu)前(qian)要(yao)優于LC。因為GC流動(dong)相(xiang)的(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)，它與MS的(de)在(zai)(zai)線聯(lian)用(yong)已(yi)不存在(zai)(zai)任何問題，特(te)(te)別是毛細管(guan)GC與MS的(de)聯(lian)用(yong)已(yi)成為常規分(fen)析(xi)方法。而(er)LC與MS的(de)聯(lian)用(yong)就受到了流動(dong)相(xiang)的(de)限(xian)制。雖(sui)然(ran)目(mu)前(qian)已(yi)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)種接口，如(ru)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)束、熱噴霧、電噴霧等(deng)，但流動(dong)相(xiang)的(de)選擇還是受到明顯的(de)限(xian)制。南京(jing)工作(zuo)站(zhan)氣相(xiang)色(se)譜儀批發

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