工(gong)業控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單(dan)片機(ji)：單(dan)片機(ji)具有(you)體積小、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)強(qiang)、功(gong)耗低(di)、環境適應能(neng)(neng)力強(qiang)、擴(kuo)展靈活和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方便等優點(dian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)片機(ji)可以(yi)構成形式多樣的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、數據采(cai)集系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、通(tong)(tong)信(xin)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、信(xin)號檢(jian)測系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、無線(xian)感(gan)知系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、測控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、機(ji)器人等應用(yong)(yong)(yong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。例如工(gong)廠流水線(xian)的(de)(de)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化管(guan)理，電(dian)梯智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)、各種報警系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，與(yu)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)聯網構成二級控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等。網絡和通(tong)(tong)信(xin)單(dan)片機(ji)：現代(dai)的(de)(de)單(dan)片機(ji)普遍(bian)具備通(tong)(tong)信(xin)接口，可以(yi)很方便地與(yu)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)進行數據通(tong)(tong)信(xin)，為在計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網絡和通(tong)(tong)信(xin)設備間的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)提供了極好(hao)的(de)(de)物質條件(jian)，從手機(ji)，電(dian)話機(ji)、小型(xing)程控(kong)(kong)交(jiao)換機(ji)、樓宇自(zi)動通(tong)(tong)信(xin)呼叫(jiao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、列(lie)車無線(xian)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)、再到日常工(gong)作中(zhong)隨(sui)處(chu)可見(jian)的(de)(de)移動電(dian)話，集群移動通(tong)(tong)信(xin)，無線(xian)電(dian)對講機(ji)等。家用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)器普遍(bian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了單(dan)片機(ji)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。電(dian)剪刀(dao)單(dan)片機(ji)開發

單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)是一種集成了(le)處(chu)理(li)(li)器、存(cun)儲器、輸入輸出接(jie)口(kou)(kou)等(deng)功能(neng)的(de)(de)微型計算機(ji)(ji)芯片(pian)(pian)。下面是一些(xie)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)設(she)計的(de)(de)相關知(zhi)識：1.編程(cheng)語言(yan)：單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)一般(ban)使(shi)用匯(hui)編語言(yan)或C語言(yan)進行編程(cheng)。匯(hui)編語言(yan)編寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)速(su)度較(jiao)快，但(dan)是編寫(xie)(xie)和(he)調試困難。C語言(yan)編寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)易于(yu)編寫(xie)(xie)和(he)閱(yue)讀，并且有現成的(de)(de)庫(ku)函數和(he)開發(fa)工具可用。2.硬件接(jie)口(kou)(kou)：單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)一般(ban)可以(yi)通(tong)過各種硬件接(jie)口(kou)(kou)與外部(bu)(bu)設(she)備進行通(tong)信(xin)，例(li)如串(chuan)口(kou)(kou)、并口(kou)(kou)、SPI、I2C等(deng)。3.存(cun)儲器：單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)主要由(you)ROM和(he)RAM構成。ROM用于(yu)存(cun)儲程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)和(he)常量數據；RAM用于(yu)存(cun)儲變(bian)量和(he)運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堆棧。4.中(zhong)斷(duan)：單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)可以(yi)通(tong)過中(zhong)斷(duan)來(lai)響應事件，例(li)如定時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器中(zhong)斷(duan)、外部(bu)(bu)中(zhong)斷(duan)等(deng)。中(zhong)斷(duan)可以(yi)提(ti)高單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)響應速(su)度和(he)實時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性。5.時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘：單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)需要一個(ge)準確(que)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘源(yuan)來(lai)對計時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器進行計數、進行時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)序(xu)(xu)控制(zhi)等(deng)。一般(ban)有外部(bu)(bu)晶振(zhen)、內部(bu)(bu)振(zhen)蕩器、PLL等(deng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘源(yuan)可供選擇。6.電(dian)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)：單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)需要一個(ge)穩定的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)供應以(yi)保證正常工作。由(you)于(yu)一些(xie)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)在不同模式(shi)下的(de)(de)功耗和(he)電(dian)壓要求不同，因(yin)此需要設(she)計合(he)適的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)管理(li)(li)電(dian)路。溫州(zhou)BB煲單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)在接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候一般(ban)復(fu)位(wei)引腳上會(hui)出現5V左(zuo)右的(de)(de)高電(dian)平。

單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機（Single-ChipMicrocomputer）是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)集(ji)成電路(lu)(lu)(lu)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)采用(yong)(yong)超大規模集(ji)成電路(lu)(lu)(lu)技術(shu)把(ba)具有(you)數據處(chu)理(li)能(neng)力的(de)中(zhong)間處(chu)理(li)器(qi)CPU、隨機存儲器(qi)RAM、只讀存儲器(qi)ROM、多(duo)種(zhong)I/O口和中(zhong)斷系統、定時(shi)器(qi)/計數器(qi)等功能(neng)（可能(neng)還包括顯(xian)示驅動電路(lu)(lu)(lu)、脈寬調制電路(lu)(lu)(lu)、模擬多(duo)路(lu)(lu)(lu)轉換器(qi)、A/D轉換器(qi)等電路(lu)(lu)(lu)）集(ji)成到(dao)一(yi)塊(kuai)硅片(pian)(pian)(pian)上構成的(de)一(yi)個小而完善的(de)微(wei)型計算機系統，在(zai)工業(ye)控制領域普遍(bian)應用(yong)(yong)。從上世紀80年代，由當時(shi)的(de)4位、8位單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機，發展到(dao)現在(zai)的(de)300M的(de)高速(su)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機。現如今，人們越來越重視單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機在(zai)智能(neng)電子技術(shu)方面的(de)開發和應用(yong)(yong)，單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機的(de)發展進入到(dao)新的(de)時(shi)期，無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)自動測(ce)量還是(shi)(shi)(shi)智能(neng)儀表的(de)實踐，都(dou)能(neng)看到(dao)單(dan)(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)機技術(shu)的(de)身影(ying)。

常用(yong)英文(wen)字母的(de)(de)縮寫MCU表(biao)示單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又(you)稱單(dan)片(pian)(pian)微控制(zhi)器，它不是(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)邏輯(ji)功能(neng)的(de)(de)芯片(pian)(pian)，而是(shi)把(ba)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系統集成(cheng)(cheng)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)芯片(pian)(pian)上。單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由(you)運算(suan)器，控制(zhi)器，存儲器組成(cheng)(cheng)，相(xiang)當于一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)微型的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（較(jiao)小系統），和(he)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)比，單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)只(zhi)缺少(shao)了(le)(le)(le)I/O設備(bei)。概括的(de)(de)講：一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊芯片(pian)(pian)就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)臺計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。它的(de)(de)體(ti)積小、質量輕、價格便宜、為學習、應用(yong)和(he)開發提供了(le)(le)(le)便利條(tiao)件。同時，學習使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)了(le)(le)(le)解計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原理與結構的(de)(de)較(jiao)佳選(xuan)擇。它較(jiao)早(zao)是(shi)被(bei)用(yong)在(zai)工業控制(zhi)領域。單(dan)片(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)學習、開發與應用(yong)將(jiang)造(zao)就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應用(yong)與智能(neng)化控制(zhi)的(de)(de)科學家、工程師。

單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)（MCU）又稱(cheng)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)微控(kong)制器，它(ta)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)個邏輯功能的(de)芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，而是(shi)把(ba)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)系統集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)到一(yi)(yi)(yi)個芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)上。概括(kuo)的(de)講：一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊芯片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)就成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)臺計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)。它(ta)的(de)體積小(xiao)、質量(liang)輕、價格便(bian)宜、為(wei)學(xue)習(xi)、應用(yong)和(he)(he)開發提供了(le)便(bian)利條(tiao)件(jian)。同時，學(xue)習(xi)使(shi)用(yong)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)了(le)解計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)原理(li)與結構(gou)的(de)較佳選擇。單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)有什么作(zuo)用(yong)可(ke)以說(shuo)，二十世(shi)紀跨越了(le)三個“電(dian)(dian)”的(de)時代，即(ji)電(dian)(dian)氣時代、電(dian)(dian)子時代和(he)(he)現已(yi)進入(ru)的(de)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)時代。不(bu)(bu)過，這種電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)，通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)指個人(ren)計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)，簡(jian)稱(cheng)PC機(ji)(ji)。它(ta)由主機(ji)(ji)、鍵盤、顯示器等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)（如圖1所示）。還有一(yi)(yi)(yi)類計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)，大多數人(ren)卻(que)不(bu)(bu)怎么熟悉。這種計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)就是(shi)把(ba)智能賦予(yu)各種機(ji)(ji)械的(de)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)（亦稱(cheng)微控(kong)制器）。顧名(ming)思(si)義，這種計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)較小(xiao)系統只用(yong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路，即(ji)可(ke)進行簡(jian)單(dan)運算(suan)和(he)(he)控(kong)制。代碼不(bu)(bu)能正常(chang)寫入(ru)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)時，說(shuo)明(ming)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)已(yi)經損壞，需(xu)要更換同型(xing)號的(de)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)。武漢干衣機(ji)(ji)單(dan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)機(ji)(ji)驅動

單(dan)片機滲透到我們(men)生活的各個(ge)領(ling)(ling)域，幾乎很(hen)難找到哪個(ge)領(ling)(ling)域沒有單(dan)片機的蹤跡(ji)。電剪刀單(dan)片機開發

單(dan)片機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)結構不是(shi)很復雜，雖然是(shi)微型電(dian)腦，但是(shi)并不像真正的(de)(de)電(dian)腦一樣包括螢幕(mu)，鍵(jian)盤，滑鼠等等外(wai)設，而(er)是(shi)只(zhi)具(ju)有(you)較為(wei)中心的(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)器(qi)，記憶(yi)體，儲存部分(fen)(fen)。細化為(wei)運(yun)算(suan)(suan)器(qi)部分(fen)(fen)：執(zhi)行(xing)各種(zhong)運(yun)算(suan)(suan);控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)部分(fen)(fen)：調(diao)用(yong)(yong)指令，編碼測(ce)試(shi)，控制(zhi)(zhi)cpu;主(zhu)要寄存器(qi)部分(fen)(fen)：寄存各類資料(liao)供單(dan)片機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。單(dan)片機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)特性(xing)是(shi)結構簡單(dan)，體積小，操作(zuo)方便，功能(neng)強，處(chu)理(li)速度快，穩定可靠，工作(zuo)時間長(chang)，低(di)耗(hao)低(di)壓，不易受環境影響(xiang)。單(dan)片機(ji)(ji)普遍應用(yong)(yong)于儀器(qi)儀表、家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)器(qi)、醫用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)、航(hang)空航(hang)太、專門用(yong)(yong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)智慧化管理(li)及程序控制(zhi)(zhi)等領(ling)域。電(dian)剪刀(dao)單(dan)片機(ji)(ji)開發

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