呼氣(qi)(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)碳監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)常(chang)用(yong)方法是(shi)(shi)紅外(wai)(wai)線吸收(shou)(shou)光(guang)譜(pu)技術，是(shi)(shi)基于(yu)紅外(wai)(wai)光(guang)通過(guo)檢測(ce)(ce)氣(qi)(qi)樣(yang)(yang)時(shi)，其吸收(shou)(shou)率與二氧化(hua)碳濃度(du)相關的(de)(de)(de)原理(CO2主(zhu)要吸收(shou)(shou)波長為4260nm的(de)(de)(de)紅外(wai)(wai)光(guang))，反(fan)(fan)應(ying)迅速，測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)方便。同(tong)時(shi)，還有其他(ta)方法如(ru)質譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)析法、羅曼(man)光(guang)譜(pu)法、光(guang)聲光(guang)譜(pu)法、二氧化(hua)碳化(hua)學(xue)電極法等(deng)。依(yi)據傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)在氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)中的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，常(chang)用(yong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)方法有兩種(zhong)：主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)與側(ce)孔(kong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)。主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)將傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)連接在病(bing)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)，優點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)直接與氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)接觸，識別反(fan)(fan)應(ying)快；氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)分(fen)(fen)泌(mi)物或水蒸(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)對(dui)(dui)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)效(xiao)果影(ying)響小(xiao)；不(bu)(bu)丟失(shi)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)。缺(que)點(dian)(dian)為傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)重量較大；增(zeng)加(jia)額外(wai)(wai)死腔量(大約20ml)；不(bu)(bu)適用(yong)于(yu)未(wei)插(cha)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)人(ren)。側(ce)孔(kong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)經取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)從氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)持(chi)續吸出(chu)部分(fen)(fen)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)作(zuo)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)，傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)并不(bu)(bu)直接連接在通氣(qi)(qi)回路中，且(qie)不(bu)(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)回路的(de)(de)(de)死腔量；不(bu)(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)部件的(de)(de)(de)重量；對(dui)(dui)未(wei)插(cha)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)導(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)人(ren)，改裝后的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)經鼻(bi)腔仍可作(zuo)出(chu)精確(que)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)定(ding)(ding)。不(bu)(bu)足(zu)之(zhi)處是(shi)(shi)識別反(fan)(fan)應(ying)稍慢；因水蒸(zheng)汽(qi)或氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)分(fen)(fen)泌(mi)物而(er)影(ying)響取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)；在行低(di)流(liu)(liu)量麻醉(zui)(zui)或小(xiao)兒(er)麻醉(zui)(zui)中應(ying)注(zhu)意補充因取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)而(er)丟失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)量。目前大部分(fen)(fen)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)儀是(shi)(shi)采用(yong)側(ce)孔(kong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)樣(yang)(yang)法。呼氣(qi)(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)碳監(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)導(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為非常(chang)有前景的(de)(de)(de)麻醉(zui)(zui)科呼吸監(jian)(jian)護耗材價格體(ti)系必(bi)將在未(wei)來很長的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間段內(nei)保持(chi)穩定(ding)(ding)。內(nei)蒙古監(jian)(jian)護儀呼氣(qi)(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)碳吸氧管(guan)(guan)(guan)

呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)應(ying)用(yong)于麻(ma)醉機和(he)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸機的(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)應(ying)用(yong)、各類呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸功能不全(quan)(quan)、心(xin)肺(fei)復蘇、嚴重休克、心(xin)力衰竭和(he)肺(fei)梗死以(yi)(yi)及確(que)(que)定全(quan)(quan)麻(ma)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)內插(cha)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置等臨床(chuang)環(huan)境中(zhong)。呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)是(shi)除體(ti)溫、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸、脈(mo)搏、血壓、動脈(mo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)飽和(he)度(du)以(yi)(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)第六個基(ji)本生命體(ti)征。呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸功能的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，目前仍依賴于目前高度(du)依賴血氧(yang)(yang)(yang)飽和(he)度(du)，不能及時(shi)反饋呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸狀(zhuang)況（延遲(chi)5~8分鐘），而呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)連(lian)續監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)作為呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)重要指標被廣為認(ren)可(ke)，并在(zai)2017年制定了《急診呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)專(zhuan)家共識》。《急診呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)專(zhuan)家共識》詳細(xi)指出呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)在(zai)臨床(chuang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)價值。1)確(que)(que)定管(guan)(guan)路位(wei)(wei)(wei)置。如(ru)確(que)(que)定人工氣(qi)(qi)(qi)道、鼻胃管(guan)(guan)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)插(cha)管(guan)(guan)等位(wei)(wei)(wei)置。并且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)發現管(guan)(guan)路異位(wei)(wei)(wei)，減少轉運風險。河北全(quan)(quan)麻(ma)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)吸氧(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)(guan)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化碳(tan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)導管(guan)(guan)是(shi)確(que)(que)定的(de)(de)臨床(chuang)急需，創新(xin)產品無競爭同類產品。

導語呼氣(qi)(qi)末二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)（ETCO2）監(jian)測(ce)(ce)是(shi)一(yi)項無(wu)創、簡便、實時、連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)的功能(neng)(neng)學監(jian)測(ce)(ce)指(zhi)標。其在(zai)急診(zhen)科的臨(lin)床工作中(zhong)得(de)到了(le)越(yue)來越(yue)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。專家組制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)《急診(zhen)呼氣(qi)(qi)末二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)專家共識》，以期(qi)規范并提(ti)高我(wo)國(guo)急診(zhen)醫學領域(yu)對(dui)ETCO2監(jian)測(ce)(ce)的認識和臨(lin)床應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。臨(lin)床應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)1確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)位置(zhi)人工氣(qi)(qi)道定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位推薦(jian)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ETCO2監(jian)測(ce)(ce)儀判斷(duan)(duan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)位置(zhi)。完成氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以后，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)的ETCO2監(jian)測(ce)(ce)儀是(shi)判斷(duan)(duan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)位置(zhi)的推薦(jian)方法，優(you)于胸部(bu)聽診(zhen)、X線攝片。通(tong)常觀察到連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)4～6個(ge)以上的穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)波(bo)(bo)形即可(ke)判斷(duan)(duan)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)(nei)。但(dan)注意該方法不(bu)能(neng)(neng)判斷(duan)(duan)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的深度。由于口對(dui)口人工呼吸(xi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)將呼出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)吹入(ru)患者胃(wei)內(nei)(nei)，或(huo)者患者短時間(jian)內(nei)(nei)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)含碳(tan)酸(suan)鹽(yan)的藥物或(huo)食物，可(ke)導致采(cai)樣前(qian)幾次通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)波(bo)(bo)形或(huo)者顯色法檢測(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)假陽性。但(dan)上述(shu)情況經(jing)幾次通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)后呼出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)水平即降至大氣(qi)(qi)水平，因此使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)監(jian)測(ce)(ce)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)可(ke)鑒別(bie)。主流型和旁流型儀器均適用(yong)(yong)(yong)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)人工氣(qi)(qi)道位置(zhi)。對(dui)于心(xin)肺復蘇患者，出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)連(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的ETCO2波(bo)(bo)形可(ke)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)(nei)。沒(mei)有出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)波(bo)(bo)形則不(bu)能(neng)(neng)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)道內(nei)(nei)還是(shi)在(zai)食道內(nei)(nei)。需(xu)要采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其他方法確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)位置(zhi)。鼻胃(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位建議鼻胃(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)后使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)旁路(lu)(lu)ETCO2監(jian)測(ce)(ce)儀協(xie)助(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位。

呼氣(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二氧化碳的(de)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)，對于(yu)診斷一些呼吸(xi)系(xi)統(tong)疾病，評(ping)估呼吸(xi)功能損害(hai)程度，起到(dao)了很大作(zuo)用，除了對疾病本身的(de)意義外(wai)，更(geng)重要的(de)是指導圍術期患畜的(de)呼吸(xi)管理(li)，急救復蘇等。機體(ti)在多(duo)種因(yin)素下(xia)發生(sheng)呼吸(xi)生(sheng)理(li)功能紊(wen)亂(luan)的(de)同(tong)時，常伴有(you)循(xun)環、神經、內分(fen)泌代謝、肝(gan)腎等其(qi)他系(xi)統(tong)功能變(bian)化，且它們之間又(you)互成(cheng)因(yin)果(guo)；肺功能的(de)儲備代償能力很強，但個體(ti)差異(yi)大，并(bing)受(shou)多(duo)種因(yin)素影響，對測(ce)定的(de)結果(guo)必須結合具體(ti)問題分(fen)析，綜合做出診斷。在進行(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)ETCO2的(de)同(tong)時，應(ying)系(xi)統(tong)地對其(qi)他系(xi)統(tong)進行(xing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)。呼氣(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二氧化碳監(jian)(jian)測(ce)導管可(ke)降(jiang)低(di)二次氣(qi)(qi)管插管率(lv)，降(jiang)低(di)麻醉(zui)后新發昏迷發生(sheng)率(lv)，更(geng)多(duo)的(de)人性化關(guan)懷。

呼(hu)氣(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(ETCO2) 是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)呼(hu)氣(qi)終末(mo)期呼(hu)出的(de)(de)混合肺泡氣(qi)含有的(de)(de)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳分壓(ya)或濃度(du)值(zhi)，正常值(zhi):35--45mmHg。呼(hu)氣(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳和(he)它的(de)(de)曲線圖(tu)對(dui)判(pan)斷機體代謝、肺通氣(qi)和(he)肺血(xue)流變化(hua)(hua)(hua)具有特殊的(de)(de)臨(lin)床意(yi)義。呼(hu)氣(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳是(shi)(shi)除體溫、呼(hu)吸、脈搏、血(xue)壓(ya)、氧飽(bao)和(he)度(du)以外的(de)(de)第六個基本(ben)生命體征，在(zai)臨(lin)床麻醉(zui)、心(xin)肺腦復蘇、院前急救、重癥(zheng)監(jian)護、麻醉(zui)都有重要的(de)(de)應(ying)用價值(zhi)。呼(hu)氣(qi)末(mo)CO2濃度(du)（ETCO2)的(de)(de)監(jian)測(ce)可反映(ying)肺通氣(qi)，還(huan)可反映(ying)肺血(xue)流。是(shi)(shi)評(ping)估患(huan)者(zhe)通氣(qi)狀態的(de)(de)重要指(zhi)標，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)確保病人安全的(de)(de)重要參數之一(yi)。呼(hu)氣(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳監(jian)測(ce)是(shi)(shi)可以避(bi)免過度(du)麻醉(zui)。黑龍江全麻呼(hu)氣(qi)末(mo)二氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳正常值(zhi)

呼氣末二(er)氧化碳監測導管不(bu)增加部件的重量。內(nei)蒙古監護儀呼氣末二(er)氧化碳吸氧管

Ⅵ相：吸(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)降支，二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)曲線迅速(su)而陡直(zhi)下(xia)降至基(ji)(ji)線新鮮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體進入(ru)(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道。2、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末CO2的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)應(ying)(ying)觀察以下(xia)5個方面：（1）基(ji)(ji)線：吸(xi)入(ru)(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)CO2濃度(du)，一(yi)般應(ying)(ying)等于零。（2）高度(du)：**PETCO2濃度(du)。（3）形(xing)(xing)(xing)態：正常(chang)(chang)CO2的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)與異常(chang)(chang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。（4）頻率：呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)頻率即二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)頻率（5）節律(lv)：反映呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)中(zhong)樞或呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)功能3、正常(chang)(chang)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)性指標(biao)和定(ding)(ding)量指標(biao)：（1）呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)出現(xian)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)：表示代謝產生的(de)(de)(de)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)經循環(huan)(huan)后從肺排出。（2）吸(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)無二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)：表示通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)路(lu)(lu)功能正常(chang)(chang)，無重吸(xi)入(ru)(ru)。（3）呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)上升和平臺(tai)波(bo)(bo)(bo)：快速(su)上升的(de)(de)(de)二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)反映呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初期氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量足(zu)(zu)，而接(jie)近(jin)水平的(de)(de)(de)平臺(tai)波(bo)(bo)(bo)反映正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)和不同部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)肺泡幾乎同步排空。（4）PETCO2為定(ding)(ding)量指標(biao)，正常(chang)(chang)情(qing)況下(xia)應(ying)(ying)稍低于PETCO2。4、異常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)PETCO2波(bo)(bo)(bo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)（1）呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)CO2消失(shi)說(shuo)明有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)肺循環(huan)(huan)和肺通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不足(zu)(zu)，或缺乏，麻醉(zui)時常(chang)(chang)由于技術性原因造(zao)成，如氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管插管誤入(ru)(ru)食管，通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)(huan)路(lu)(lu)接(jie)頭(tou)脫落，或因通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)障(zhang)礙所致如呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)暫(zan)停(ting)或呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)道梗阻，也可(ke)以見于心(xin)跳(tiao)停(ting)止。（2）吸(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)出現(xian)CO2有(you)意識地進行重吸(xi)入(ru)(ru)時，吸(xi)入(ru)(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出現(xian)CO2-是(shi)正常(chang)(chang)現(xian)象（如MaplesonD型裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)Bain環(huan)(huan)路(lu)(lu)），異常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)或大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)說(shuo)明麻醉(zui)環(huan)(huan)路(lu)(lu)有(you)故障(zhang)，如活瓣(ban)關(guan)閉(bi)失(shi)靈。內蒙古監護儀呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末二氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)吸(xi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管

上(shang)海埃(ai)立孚醫(yi)療科技有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)是以提供(gong)(gong)呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳采(cai)集(ji)鼻(bi)氧(yang)管(guan)(guan)，呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳監測(ce)(ce)導管(guan)(guan)，監測(ce)(ce)過(guo)濾(lv)型(xing)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)回(hui)(hui)路套(tao)(tao)組(zu)(zu)，內(nei)窺(kui)鏡專(zhuan)用口咽(yan)(yan)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道內(nei)的多項綜合服務，為消費者多方位(wei)提供(gong)(gong)呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳采(cai)集(ji)鼻(bi)氧(yang)管(guan)(guan)，呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳監測(ce)(ce)導管(guan)(guan)，監測(ce)(ce)過(guo)濾(lv)型(xing)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)回(hui)(hui)路套(tao)(tao)組(zu)(zu)，內(nei)窺(kui)鏡專(zhuan)用口咽(yan)(yan)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道，公(gong)司(si)位(wei)于琥珀(po)路215弄2號(hao)3層，成立于2009-02-18，迄(qi)今已經成長為醫(yi)藥健康行業內(nei)同類(lei)型(xing)企業的佼佼者。埃(ai)立孚醫(yi)療以呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳采(cai)集(ji)鼻(bi)氧(yang)管(guan)(guan)，呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳監測(ce)(ce)導管(guan)(guan)，監測(ce)(ce)過(guo)濾(lv)型(xing)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)回(hui)(hui)路套(tao)(tao)組(zu)(zu)，內(nei)窺(kui)鏡專(zhuan)用口咽(yan)(yan)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道為主業，服務于醫(yi)藥健康等領域，為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)客戶提供(gong)(gong)先進呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳采(cai)集(ji)鼻(bi)氧(yang)管(guan)(guan)，呼(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳監測(ce)(ce)導管(guan)(guan)，監測(ce)(ce)過(guo)濾(lv)型(xing)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)回(hui)(hui)路套(tao)(tao)組(zu)(zu)，內(nei)窺(kui)鏡專(zhuan)用口咽(yan)(yan)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道。多年來，已經為我國(guo)(guo)醫(yi)藥健康行業生產、經濟等的發展做(zuo)出了(le)重要貢獻。

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