（1）組(zu)織措施(shi)1.1項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)部挑選(xuan)具(ju)有同類項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經驗的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊長和技(ji)術(shu)(shu)員(yuan)擔任本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊長，將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)、安全(quan)、進(jin)(jin)度能否達標將直接(jie)與(yu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊長及全(quan)體項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)切身(shen)利(li)(li)益掛(gua)鉤，調動全(quan)體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)積(ji)極性，充分發揮人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)主觀能動性。1.2開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，由項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)組(zu)織全(quan)方面的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底。各分項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前，應由項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)負責人(ren)(ren)(ren)向參加該項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)全(quan)體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行技(ji)術(shu)(shu)交(jiao)底，其內容：尺寸、標高、預留洞口、預埋件、材(cai)料(liao)規(gui)(gui)格等(deng)要求；明確(que)(que)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序搭接(jie)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種配合(he)(he)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)、進(jin)(jin)度等(deng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安排；明確(que)(que)質(zhi)量(liang)、安全(quan)、節約措施(shi)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)目(mu)標。1.3組(zu)織工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)學習(xi)公司的(de)各項(xiang)(xiang)規(gui)(gui)章制度、質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)管(guan)理條例，使他們從思想上認識到質(zhi)量(liang)、安全(quan)的(de)重要性，從而為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)順利(li)(li)進(jin)(jin)行創造有利(li)(li)條件。原材(cai)料(liao)及成(cheng)品(pin)、半成(cheng)品(pin)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)必須合(he)(he)格，嚴格按國家規(gui)(gui)范和驗收標準進(jin)(jin)行檢驗。龍(long)巖(yan)DN3500水泥頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)

注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)基本要(yao)求：1、為(wei)了減(jian)(jian)小(xiao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)與(yu)(yu)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)層的(de)(de)(de)摩擦(ca)(ca)力(li)，頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)與(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)體(ti)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)留(liu)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)，其(qi)大小(xiao)一般不應小(xiao)于20mm；如(ru)果(guo)土(tu)(tu)層較(jiao)為(wei)堅(jian)硬，一般要(yao)求間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)宜達(da)(da)到30mm左右。觸變泥漿(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)與(yu)(yu)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)體(ti)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可以形成(cheng)連續不斷的(de)(de)(de)潤滑減(jian)(jian)阻保護膜，從(cong)而達(da)(da)到減(jian)(jian)少摩擦(ca)(ca)阻力(li)的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)；2、在(zai)(zai)(zai)進(jin)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)節(jie)注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，要(yao)時刻(ke)確保注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)材料(liao)具(ju)有流動性，同時也需(xu)(xu)要(yao)確保注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)材料(liao)具(ju)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)稠度(du)，以保證注(zhu)入的(de)(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)體(ti)不會(hui)滲(shen)(shen)漏到周(zhou)邊地層當中(zhong)(zhong)去，這樣才(cai)能形成(cheng)優良的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)(jian)阻潤滑膜；3、在(zai)(zai)(zai)實際的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)施(shi)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，因為(wei)會(hui)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)滲(shen)(shen)流現(xian)象(xiang)，觸變泥漿(jiang)(jiang)總(zong)量會(hui)有一定(ding)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)損失。如(ru)果(guo)出現(xian)遺漏量過(guo)(guo)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，就需(xu)(xu)要(yao)立即補漿(jiang)(jiang)。也唯有在(zai)(zai)(zai)滲(shen)(shen)流作用達(da)(da)到穩定(ding)狀(zhuang)態后，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)方可建立起穩定(ding)而連續的(de)(de)(de)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)套。龍巖DN3000水泥頂(ding)(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施(shi)工(gong)公(gong)司明(ming)確質量、安全、節(jie)約措施(shi)和工(gong)作目標。

上(shang)(shang)世紀80年(nian)代以來發展更為迅速，頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術無論(lun)(lun)在(zai)(zai)理(li)論(lun)(lun)上(shang)(shang)，還是在(zai)(zai)施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝方面，都有了(le)(le)長足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。1984年(nian)前后(hou)(hou)，我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北京、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)、南京等地先后(hou)(hou)開(kai)始(shi)引進(jin)國(guo)(guo)外先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械式(shi)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)設備，使我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)技(ji)術上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)一(yi)個新臺階。尤其是在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)海(hai)市(shi)政(zheng)公(gong)司引進(jin)了(le)(le)日本伊勢(shi)機(ji)(ISEKI)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)800mm直徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Telemale頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)掘(jue)(jue)進(jin)機(ji)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，國(guo)(guo)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)論(lun)(lun)、施工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)經驗(yan)也進(jin)入(ru)中國(guo)(guo)，如(ru)土壓平衡理(li)論(lun)(lun)、泥(ni)水平頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種試驗(yan)和相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些理(li)論(lun)(lun)研究(jiu)。當時(shi)(shi)，口徑在(zai)(zai)2m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼筋混凝(ning)土管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次推進(jin)距離可達120m，后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)1988和1992年(nian)研制(zhi)成功我國(guo)(guo)頭(tou)一(yi)臺多刀(dao)盤(pan)土壓平衡掘(jue)(jue)進(jin)機(ji)(DN2720mm)和頭(tou)一(yi)臺加(jia)泥(ni)式(shi)土壓平衡式(shi)掘(jue)(jue)進(jin)機(ji)(DN1440mm)，均取得了(le)(le)較令人滿意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。與(yu)此同時(shi)(shi)，對頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)(lun)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)逐(zhu)年(nian)增強，并開(kai)始(shi)出現了(le)(le)比較專業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術人員，90年(nian)代后(hou)(hou)，以當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)掘(jue)(jue)進(jin)機(ji)還不夠完善。

鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)軌跡的(de)(de)(de)前列段(duan)是(shi)造(zao)(zao)斜(xie)段(duan)，控(kong)制(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)入射角度和(he)(he)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)斜(xie)面的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)，緩(huan)慢給(gei)進而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)旋(xuan)轉鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)，就(jiu)能使鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)按(an)設計的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)斜(xie)段(duan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)到達(da)造(zao)(zao)斜(xie)段(duan)完成(cheng)處，接(jie)下來的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進。旋(xuan)轉鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)，并(bing)提供(gong)給(gei)進力，鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)就(jiu)能沿(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平直線鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進，由(you)于(yu)在(zai)(zai)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)位(wei)置安裝(zhuang)了較先進的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)測儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進過(guo)程中通(tong)過(guo)地面精密接(jie)收(shou)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)，通(tong)過(guo)接(jie)收(shou)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)數據調(diao)整鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)角度，使得(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進按(an)照流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)線標高(gao)路線前進。到達(da)接(jie)收(shou)井，完成(cheng)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔工(gong)序。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進操(cao)作(zuo)：4.1檢(jian)查鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)電源是(shi)否(fou)(fou)充足(zu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)更換(huan)電池，特別是(shi)探(tan)頭(tou)電池更不(bu)(bu)(bu)可馬虎。4.2按(an)照測量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)使用規范操(cao)縱(zong)儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)。4.3探(tan)頭(tou)裝(zhuang)進探(tan)頭(tou)盒(he)內(nei)，打開(kai)接(jie)收(shou)機(ji)和(he)(he)同步顯示器(qi)(qi)，轉動探(tan)頭(tou)盒(he)檢(jian)查儀(yi)(yi)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)。4.4把探(tan)頭(tou)盒(he)與(yu)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)接(jie)好(hao)并(bing)連(lian)接(jie)在(zai)(zai)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)上(shang)，開(kai)機(ji)輸送鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進液(ye)，檢(jian)查鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)噴(pen)嘴(zui)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)暢(chang)通(tong)。4.5啟動機(ji)器(qi)(qi)進行造(zao)(zao)斜(xie)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平導向(xiang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進。鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進操(cao)作(zuo)需(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)事項(xiang)：4.6鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)、下接(jie)頭(tou)對(dui)正，邊緩(huan)慢給(gei)進動力邊慢轉上(shang)扣，，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)擰得(de)(de)過(guo)緊。4.7不(bu)(bu)(bu)允許(xu)使用彎(wan)曲(qu)和(he)(he)有(you)傷的(de)(de)(de)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)。根據當前實(shi)際情況，快速掌握(wo)材(cai)料質量(liang)(liang)、價格、供(gong)貨能力的(de)(de)(de)信息、選(xuan)擇好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)貨廠家(jia)，從而(er)確保工(gong)程質量(liang)(liang)。

頂(ding)管(guan)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)應(ying)(ying)根據施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)案和(he)(he)(he)(he)具(ju)體(ti)環境進(jin)行。坑(keng)(keng)(keng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)寬度(du)應(ying)(ying)取決于(yu)土(tu)(tu)壤質(zhi)量、頂(ding)管(guan)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)徑和(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)度(du)、機(ji)器和(he)(he)(he)(he)設備、管(guan)道(dao)鋪設和(he)(he)(he)(he)挖(wa)掘方(fang)(fang)法。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)除了安裝頂(ding)管(guan)機(ji)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)背部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、導軌(gui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)頂(ding)管(guan)接頭外，還(huan)有利(li)于(yu)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)外開(kai)挖(wa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)。一般來說(shuo)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)頂(ding)邊到路(lu)緣石的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離≥2m，管(guan)段敷設后(hou)(hou)每側應(ying)(ying)有1m的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)。管(guan)段后(hou)(hou)側和(he)(he)(he)(he)千斤頂(ding)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)空間應(ying)(ying)有利(li)于(yu)挖(wa)掘。在水(shui)環境中，應(ying)(ying)設置水(shui)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)排水(shui)設施(shi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)坡度(du)系數應(ying)(ying)根據土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)情況滿足要求，坑(keng)(keng)(keng)底應(ying)(ying)夯(hang)實(shi)。后(hou)(hou)背是否牢固直(zhi)(zhi)接影響頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果。因此，背部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力必(bi)須能夠滿足比(bi)較大頂(ding)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。背部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由背樁、背梁(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)背樁后(hou)(hou)壓實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)組成。后(hou)(hou)樁一般用(yong)鋼軌(gui)代替(ti)，埋在坑(keng)(keng)(keng)底以下1.5m左右(you)。樁后(hou)(hou)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)分層夯(hang)實(shi)，后(hou)(hou)樁平面(mian)垂直(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)頂(ding)進(jin)方(fang)(fang)向軸線(xian)，鋼背梁(liang)置于(yu)樁前導軌(gui)上。頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)背部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他組件是毛(mao)石砌體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)(he)預(yu)制(zhi)鋼筋混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)塊(kuai)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)井和(he)(he)(he)(he)接收井上部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)采用(yong)人機(ji)配合開(kai)完，下部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)采取人工(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)挖(wa)作(zuo)(zuo)法作(zuo)(zuo)業。漳州DN2800非開(kai)挖(wa)頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)用(yong)

機械作業要(yao)嚴(yan)格按文明施工的有(you)關規定(ding)進(jin)行，嚴(yan)禁擾民影響(xiang)市容的現(xian)象出現(xian)。龍巖(yan)DN3500水泥(ni)頂管施工設備

2001年8月～12月嘉興(xing)市污(wu)水處理排海工(gong)(gong)程一(yi)次頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)2050m超(chao)長(chang)(chang)距(ju)離鋼筋混(hun)凝土頂(ding)(ding)管，由于選擇了合理的(de)頂(ding)(ding)管機具型式(shi)、成(cheng)功地(di)(di)解決(jue)了減阻泥漿(jiang)運(yun)用(yong)和軸(zhou)線控制等(deng)技術難(nan)題，用(yong)約5個月完(wan)成(cheng)全部(bu)頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，創(chuang)造了新的(de)頂(ding)(ding)管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)記錄。全長(chang)(chang)3600m、管徑為(wei)1.8米的(de)鋼管從(cong)23至25米深的(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)于2002年9月成(cheng)功橫(heng)穿黃河(he)，無論從(cong)頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)長(chang)(chang)度、埋(mai)深、地(di)(di)質(zhi)條件，還(huan)(huan)是鋼管直徑在國內尚(shang)屬頭一(yi)次。其中比較長(chang)(chang)的(de)一(yi)段位于黃河(he)主河(he)床上，長(chang)(chang)達(da)1259米，還(huan)(huan)要穿越(yue)較厚(hou)的(de)礫砂層與(yu)黃河(he)主河(he)槽(cao)，既是我國西氣東輸項目的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)工(gong)(gong)程，也是世(shi)界上復雜(za)地(di)(di)質(zhi)條件下(xia)大直徑鋼管一(yi)次性頂(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)距(ju)離比較長(chang)(chang)的(de)頂(ding)(ding)管工(gong)(gong)程。龍(long)巖(yan)DN3500水泥頂(ding)(ding)管施(shi)工(gong)(gong)設備

廈門常(chang)達管業(ye)有(you)限公司(si)(si)堅持(chi)“以(yi)人為本”的企業(ye)理念，擁有(you)一(yi)支專業(ye)的員工隊(dui)伍，力(li)求提供(gong)更好(hao)的產品和(he)服務回饋社(she)會，并歡迎廣大新老客戶光臨惠(hui)顧(gu)，真誠合作、共(gong)創(chuang)美(mei)(mei)好(hao)未來。常(chang)達管業(ye)——您(nin)可信賴的朋友，公司(si)(si)地址：廈門市(shi)集美(mei)(mei)區寧海(hai)二里(li)。

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